Word Classes

• noun: brother, cat, Berlin, …
  • countability:
    • countable:
      • singular: goat, man, sheep, I, …
      • plural: goats, men, sheep, we, …
    • uncountable: honesty, butter, luggage, …
      • includes gerunds: present participles used as a noun: "fencing is a sport"
  • includes pronouns:
    • personal pronouns: with forms
      • subjective form (nominative case):

        	singular	plural
        1st person	I	we
        2nd person	you	you
        3rd person	he, she, it	they

      • objective form (accusative case):

        	singular	plural
        1st person	me	us
        2nd person	you	you
        3rd person	him, her, it	them

      • possessive form (genitive case):

        	before a noun		independent
        	singular	plural	singular	plural
        1st person	my	our	mine	ours
        2nd person	your	your	yours	yours
        3rd person	his, her, its	their	his, hers, its	theirs

      • reflexive form:

        	singular	plural
        1st person	myself	ourselves
        2nd person	yourself	yourselves
        3rd person	himself, herself, itself	themselves

    • reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another
    • relative pronouns: that, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, who, whom, whose
    • demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those
    • interrogative pronouns: who…? (subjective form), whom…? (objective form), whose…? (possessive form), what…?, which…?
    • indefinite pronouns: one, anyone, everyone, no-one, someone, anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody, anything, everything, nothing, something
• determiner (noun modifier):
  • article:
    • definite article: the book
    • indefinite article: a book, an orange
  • demonstrative: this, that, these, those, yonder
  • possessive: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
  • quantifier:
    • indefinite quantifier: all, another, any, both, each, either, enough, every, few, fewer, less, little, many, more, most, much, neither, no, one, only, other, several, some, such, that, these, this, those, what, which
    • definite quantifier (or cardinal number): one, two, twenty …
• adjective (noun modifier): big, small, brown, round, …
  • forms:
    • positive: fast
    • comparative: faster
    • superlative: fastest
• verb: be, have, drive, throw, think…
  • person: 3rd person singular indicated with "-s" suffix: I walk, he walks
  • tense:
    • present tenses:
      • simple present: I listen
      • present continuous: I am listening
      • present perfect: I have listened (also a past tense)
      • present perfect continuous: I have been listening
    • past tenses:
      • simple past: I listened
      • past continuous (or past imperfect): I was listening
      • past perfect (or pluperfect): I had listened
      • past perfect continuous: I had been listening
    • future tenses:
      • simple future: I will listen / I shall listen
      • future continuous: I will be listening / I shall be listening
      • future perfect: I will have listened / I shall have listened
      • future perfect continuous: I will have been listening
      • immediate future: I am going to listen
    • conditional tenses:
      • present conditional: I would listen
      • present continuous conditional: I would be listening
      • conditional perfect: I would have listened
      • conditional perfect continuous: I would have been listening
  • voice:
    • active: David wrote this page
    • passive: This page was written by David
  • mood:
    • indicative: I am hungry
    • imperative: Feed me
    • subjunctive: If I were you, I would feed him
• adverb (verb modifier): swiftly, recently, …
• preposition: about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, between, beyond, but, by, concerning, despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, minus, near, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out of, outside, over, past, per, plus, since, through, throughout, till, to, toward(s), under, underneath, until, upon, up, up to, versus, via, with, within, without
• conjunction:
  • coordinate conjunction: and, but, or, nor, yet
  • correlative conjunction: both … and, either … or, neither … nor, hardly … when, if … then, no sooner … than, not only … but also, rather … than, scarcely … when, what with … and, whether … or
  • subordinate conjunction: as, after, although, before, because, for, if, lest, provided, providing, since, so (that), supposing, than, though, unless, until, whereas, whether, while

Sources:

• Internet Grammar of English
• Wikipedia page
• English Grammar by Mary Ansell
• Glossary of linguistic terms at LinguaLinks